Human Resource Management And Talent Development Plan

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Athlete Training For Muscle Endurance - 2643 Words

These two athletes are trained differently due to the different physical demands of their sports. Soccer players have to train more footwork and leg muscles than basketball players. Basketball players need to focus more on vertical jump than soccer players. The significance of number of sets, reps, rest intervals, weights used, and frequency of training, should be discussed to help establish a line of thinking as to why and how the programs were designed. Sets: The collective number of reps one does in a movement. The number of sets depends on the goal. Generally though, one should keep his or her set range between 2 to 4. More sets could result in failure. Reps: The number of reps is dependent on the goal. If an athlete training for strength and explosiveness, he would do less reps. On the other hand, if an athlete wants to develop muscle endurance, he should do more reps Weights: To get stronger, athletes should use heavy weights. An athlete training for muscle endurance should use weights light to medium weight depending on his level of strength. Rest intervals: Rest intervals are hugely related to cardiovascular conditioning. For example, circuit training (several exercises with about 5 to 10 seconds of rest in between) is great for athletes who want to work on their cardio. Longer rest periods are more suited for those building up their strength. Training frequency: This hugely depends on the body’s ability to recover. High number of frequency would lead to aShow MoreRelatedEndurance Training Essay617 Words   |  3 Pages Endurance plays a major role in many athletic activities. Without endurance training, many athletes would not be able to compete in their respective sports. Endurance training involves low resistance and high repetitions, but what exactly does this do to your body and how does it do it? 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Food Consciousness Teaching Critical Theory

Question: Describe about the Food Consciousness for Teaching Critical Theory. Answer: Part 1: The source of the story is the eminent novel The Gastronomical Me written by M.H.K.Fisher. In the story, the writer speaks of a huge variety of food items prepared by her mother and grandmother, on several, small occasions during her childhood days (Counihan Esterick). As the speaker walks down her memory lane she recollects how her mother and grandmother would cook dainty dishes, and how the irresistible aroma of the food items, would entice her as a child. Part 2: My sister has been too fond of different kinds of food, and thus she loved preparing new dishes on every weekend. Suddenly, one Sunday, she dusted off the pressure cooker, and decided to apply her cooking skills. She was highly determined to cook dainty steaks, and accordingly she placed the steak on the pan, marinated all its sides with olive oil, and fried it deep. Once the golden brown steaks were being distributed, she was highly praised by my mother and grandfather. Again, another day, as her friends were coming for a home party, she decided to surprise them, by cooking on her own. She was barely 15 at that time, and as she started dipping the chicken in the egg mixture and buttermilk, the crispy pieces of grilled chicken started looking too delicious. Once the lime juice and the ketchup were added, the crispy yet mellow chicken won huge applause among her friends. By the time, she turned 18, she earned so much popularity among her friends and family, that they would refer her t o be the cook of the house. The stuffed camel, Al Machboos, Al Harees are some of the traditional dishes that my sister was equally adept in cooking. While our families would organize picnics, my sister would only be chosen to cook all the dainty, mouth-watering dishes. Once we went to a restaurant, and ordered an extremely delicious bowl of tomato basil soup and Turtle bread. The taste of the turtle bread impressed her so much, that it aroused in her a natural inquisitiveness and enthusiasm to cook the dish on the very next day itself. The turtle bread which she made, groomed with thick onion tomato gravy, was one of the tastiest baked foods that my parents claimed to have tasted. Reference List: Abarca, M. (2016). Food Consciousness: Teaching Critical Theory Through Food Narratives.Food Pedagogies, 201-222. Counihan, C., Van Esterik, P. (2012).Food and culture: A reader. Routledge. Paddock, J. (2015). Household consumption and environmental change: Rethinking the policy problem through narratives of food practice.Journal of Consumer Culture, 1469540515586869. Smoyer, A. B., Blankenship, K. M. (2014). Dealing food: Female drug users narratives about food in a prison place and implications for their health.International Journal of Drug Policy,25(3), 562-568.

Computer Information System for IT Help Desk System- Lecture Notes

Question: Describe about the Computer Information System for IT Help Desk System? Answer: Introduction This report serve as a set of information to inform decision making within IT support service (Information technology support service). This report contents the IT support function and its role, responsibilities. Helpdesk procedure and the service level agreements in also include with this report. The clients and the user depend on the IT support service as a guidance of any service. In this context, the IT staff includes all of the personal that work directly with the user and the consumers and all of the individual that are working behind the scenes (Sharji, Mahruqi and Kumar, 2014). IT Support Function The IT support team has got various functionalities in the organization. Some of the most important have been described below: Services to the clients Customer Services gives specialized backing to equipment, programming, system and establishments, and is the initial and essential issue of communication in between the DUT Community and the Department of ITSS (Bernard, 2012). The goal of Services to the Clients is to give proficient, powerful and great data innovation support, guaranteeing our clients get data of advancements in the world of Information Technology and inside of the DUT Community. The service desk supports some of the most important functionality of these services, support to the desktop through an installation of the software, protecting from a virus, etc (Blake et al., 2012). Information Services The Information System Services is in charge of the data innovation parts of the ERP in the Organization and Academic data frameworks that incorporates framework organization, operations, base information organization, frameworks advancement, business investigation, venture administration, ITS client bolster and preparing for ITS clients. Likewise, in charge of server administration, reinforcements, access regulation, and safety all the servers of Information System could be considered (Blokdijk, 2012). The Information System segment gives the ERP of the Organization and scholastic applications that backing the research in the Organizations, educating, and group administration exercises. We endeavor to give the Organization greater caliber, available, and solid administration (Bruton, 2012). Applications are conveyed on the Unix/Oracle figuring stages. Center ERP and scholarly applications gave to the Organization involve: Financial Systems, Human Resource System, System of Payroll, System for the Academic Student and Space Inventory. Some of the typical functionalities in this type of services include training for the IT support, preparing the MCQs, information booth for the pupils, managing the database and operating system, etc (Chambers, 2013). Networking The systems administration division is in charge of the grounds wide PC system framework. The grounds wide system comprises of system cabling; Cisco switches store motors and switches, servers-Microsoft, Unix and Netware, firewalls, DNS/DHCP, facilitating of the servers of the web and the email frameworks. Along with this, the obligation of shielding the system from malignant assault, observing system execution, and getting ready for sufficient system limit arises (Chambers, 2013). Few of the most significant functionalities that are generally covered under this type of services are providing services to the students and staffs through email or portals as and when required, preparing proper infrastructure for the cabling and then maintaining the same, rendering fast and secure access to the internet, preparing the hot spots like conference rooms and libraries where the wireless connection has to be provided, etc (Cwu.edu, 2015). Other than all the above mentioned functionalities the support to the server that is acting in the background as the main driving force of the whole system is also considered as a part of the IT support service along with the provision and maintenance of IP telephony as well. Help desk Role The help desk provides the solution to the end users. The customers and the user are depending on the information technology help desk for keeping the system available and updated. The help desk staffs or personnel work with the end user or customer for their support. These all personals or staffs are working in the background of the organization (Dudin and Dudina, 2013). They are working in background to serve their customer better, and the keep their network infrastructure available all the time. These help desk personnel are the main IT staffs that the customers or users are facing in the IT support service (Elliott, 2012). The user and the consumer are making the judgment about the entire organization based on their conversation with the IT support staffs. The help desk personal or staffs need to understand their role as an IT service staffs in an organization help desk service (Erskine, Beaumont and Asp, 2012). Also, they need to understand their responsibility to their user and customers. The help desk staffs need to learn the technical thing of the IT support system. They also need to have a good and strong skill in the IT support service (Gibson, 2015). The role of the IT helps desk personals are: First line support: All type of organization has many layer or tire for their customer support. This IT help desk is the first level of the customer support of an organization. When the customer needs any help or facing any problem, they first contact the IT help desk (Kalhor and Wistuba, 2013). In the first time, if the IT help desks personal resolve the problem then the customers or users are satisfied. The help desk personnel should have a good and strong communication skill and better problem solving skill, which is required to communicate and solve the customer problems (Legacy.earlham.edu, 2015). Assessing the problem and find the solution: The vital reason customers contact with the IT help desk support for some assistance with the servicing zone that they have issues for resolve. IT help desk support some assistance with servicing specialists concentrating on assessing the issues and recognizing game plans in the midst of most of their workdays (Lovalekar, Pemde and Verma, 2013). This demonstrates their key aptitudes are specialized. However, this is not a large case. Allover, the IT help desk support individual, must to some assistance with having the best possible specialized learning and capacity Recognizing required skillsets: Many customers think that the IT helpdesk staffs need only technical skill for resolve the issue of the customers. But another two type of skill also needs for assist the customer (White, 2013). One is heard skill and the other one is the soft skill. The heard skill is the problem solving power. The soft skill is the communication power to communicate effectively with the consumers or the users. Help desk Responsibilities Responsibility for First line of support: The organization will have separate sections for different roles as the First line support, problem assessment and required expertise. The first line of support helps the customers with normal functional descriptions and frequent queries (Vogelgesang et al., 2012). The frequently asked questions are mainly handled with the first line of support. The First line of support has to make the user understand about the functionality as connecting the wires, checking the compatibility, software installation guide and other equivalent and general queries (V and Baskaran, 2012). First line of support will be responsible to resolve the frequent issues from the client side. The frequent issues are the main problem for every IT based solution. The customers are not informed properly about the general functionalities of the systems. Therefore, the first line of support will need to be knowledgeable and to be well informed with the situations (Thompson, 201 1). Responsibility for problem assessor: Next, first line of support is followed by second-level stakeholders. The second-level stakeholders act here with responsibility of problem assessment. The first level of support will be hampered if they have to assess the problem as well as the answer the frequent questions (Swt.informatik.uni-freiburg.de, 2015). The problem assessor will need to understand about the situation of the problem and as well as the customer requirement specification. In most of the cases, the provided solution may not match with the required criteria. Therefore, the problem assessor plays a major role in selecting the proper issue, noting them and checking duration needed for the complete solution. Problem issue will need to be identified with detailed interaction with customer (Renshaw and Gould, 2014). The detailed interaction may be face-to-face meeting, online live chat, Skype calling or any meeting process where the customer can have the opportunity of explaining the issues. The problem assessor will then inform the individual expertise for the proper solution. Responsibility for experts: Finally, there must an expertise group for different individual solutions. The domains may be networking troubleshooting, system formatting, cloud maintenance issue, network device re-connecting, hardware malfunctioning or hardware replacing, software upgrading and others (Mortensen and Hazel, 2014). These are the main service issues for any IT organization support for customers. Sometimes, the customer may face complicated problems rather than the above-mentioned common issues (Lovalekar, Pemde and Verma, 2013). The complicated issues may be malicious user attacks, phishing attack, brute-force vulnerability, Denial of service attacks and other network vulnerabilities. In those cases, the solution should be provided with maintained standards and guidelines (Legacy.earlham.edu, 2015). The guidelines will include the firewall setting, malware installation and device security settings. The firewall may be secured with filtering, malwares will need to be updat ed in an interval of two weeks and routers will contain customized passwords. However, individual experts will require proper information about the problem handling and resolving issues (Kalhor and Wistuba, 2013). Help desk procedure Help desk is as essential system for every organization. The help desk has several procedure for their customers. These procedure are: General procedure: The consumers call their respective customer support or help desk for their problems. The help desk personals receive these call and helping their consumers to solve their problems. If the problem is solved then, the call is closed. If the IT help desk expert field to resolve the consumer problems, then the expert transfer this call to the management team. This is the general procedure of help desk (Gibson, 2015). Email Procedure: It is also like general procedure. The customers send an email to the help desk email address for their problem. Nowadays many organization provide 24 hours support. The help desk personals check their respective emails and take an immediate step to solving this problem. In email procedure, the help desks personal assist the customers and users via the email system (Erskine, Beaumont and Asp, 2012). Walk-in consumer procedure: The help desk experts received the customer calls or email to assist them. If the problem can be solved by email or call then, the helpdesk personals inform the customers and solve the problems. If the problem is not possible to solve over the phone call or email, then the help desk personnel inform the customers (Elliott, 2012). Then the help desks personal to send a technician to the customer address who can solve the problem. This is the walk in the procedure. Customer call back procedure: This process applies to the help desk prosomal and the walk in a technician. The helpdesk specialist exchanges the client's call to the event chosen one. If he/she is not accessible, the call will go to the appointee's phone message. There are no exemptions. The helpdesk specialist redesigns the remarks field on the Service Center event to demonstrate that the client called, including a particular inquiries/concerns they might have (Dudin and Dudina, 2013). There are no special cases. The CSS expert is in charge of notifying the client of the occurrence status. There are no special cases (Cwu.edu, 2015). Routing Procedure: This process applies to the help desk prosomal and the walk in the technician. The helpdesk professional allocates a preparatory seriousness level to every occurrence in light of the technician Best Practices. If the event is appointed as Critical, send an email to email support center and telling them about it. There are no special cases. Service Level Agreements A Service Level Agreement (or SLA) is the some portion of an agreement, which characterizes precisely what product or service serve by a supplier and the level of the supplier product or service. The SLA is, for the most part, some portion of an outsourcing or oversaw administration's assertion, or can be utilized as a part of offices administration understandings and different assertions for the procurement of administrations (Chambers, 2013). The main elements of an SLA The SLA must set out the general destinations for the administrations to be provided. For instance, if the reason for having an outer supplier is to enhance performance, save costs or give access to abilities and innovations. Representation of the Services The SLA must be incorporating a specific description of the administrations. Every individual administration has to be characterized there should be a depiction of what the administration is the place it is to be given, to whom it is to be given and when it is required (Bruton, 2012). Completing Standards At that point, taking every individual administration like this, the client has to express the normal benchmarks of production. This will change contingent upon the administration. Utilizing the "reporting" illustration referred to over, a conceivable administration level could be 99.5%. However, this must consider carefully (Blokdijk, 2012). Regularly a client will need performance measures at the largest amount. The administration supplier might well contend that administration levels have to be set intentionally low so as to ensure that the administration can be given at an aggressive cost (Blake et al., 2012). It is every one of the matter of judgment, and the client should consider every administration level thoroughly it is regularly the case that person administrations will be weighted distinctively relying upon their business significance. Execution guidelines for accessibility of an on-line administration are for the most part high as it is essential for the client to guara ntee steady accessibility of the administration (Bernard, 2012). Pay/Service Credits All together for the SLA to have any "bite", inability to accomplish the administration levels needs a money related result for the administration supplier. This regularly accomplished through the incorporation of a credit service administration. Where the administration supplier failure to accomplish the concurred implementation principles, the administration supplier will pay or credit the client an amount that motivates the product or service execution. The vital thing is to guarantee that the administration credits are sensible and incentivize the administration supplier to improve and that they kick in early enough to have any difference (Sharji, Mahruqi and Kumar, 2014). Basic Failure Administration credits are helpful in getting the administration supplier to enhance its execution; however, what happens when administration process fall below the normal level. If the SLA just included an administration credit regime then, unless the administration provided was so terrible as to constitute a material breach of the agreement, all in all, the client could wind up in the position of paying for an unacceptable general performance (White, 2013). For instance, if administration credits kick in if a level administration disappointment has happened twice in a specific period, the SLA could express that the client has the right to end the assertion for material breach if the administration level has not been accomplished, say, eight times in the same period (Vogelgesang et al., 2012). Importance of managing Users and issue involving in IT Support Managing users In the IT support helpdesk, the user can directly contract with the IT support executive. In every company, it is mandatory to ensure that their ITSM is working properly, and the basic operations are works smoothly. The IT helpdesk area intended for clients to reach IT administrations at whatever point any issue emerges (V and Baskaran, 2012). Keeping in mind the end goal to make this procedure more straightforward, they require a framework that can deal with their clients and convey the solicitation with a legitimate work process. Figure: User Management (Source : Thompson, 2011, pp290) IT supports The service desk area in Service Operations, adequately being the window into IT, anything that affects the SD is an issue. On the off chance that the relationship between the improvement groups and the operations groups is bad, this can be a major issue, particularly if the advancement group throws new administrations over the divider to IT and leaves it to operations to keep running with. These groups need to impart exceptionally well and ensure that each is completely included with onboarding new or changed administrations (Thompson, 2011). IT industrial lifecycle and is normally the area where the basic needs in IT associations. Most associations today focus on the changeover and Operations frames, remembering these do offer preferences to the service or commerce, especially as to maintenance, these are truly doubtlessly acknowledged shapes (Ozay and Demiralp, 2012). Perhaps, there should be an increase to considering passing on worth to the business, and this quality creation starts with organization philosophy. Frequently, IT puts lacking strength in configuration and winds up building and process rather that does not address trade issues. In case the trade, IT Enterprise design, growth and Operations bunches contributed more energy participating at this stage, the association would save money. It is extensively keener to decide an issue perceived in plan than holding up until evolution or Operations (Swt.informatik.uni-freiburg.de, 2015). Organization process is about maintenance a consistent IT situation through op en and proactive means. An impressive measure of its money related arrangement. Organization Operation arranges and executes the methodology required to pass on and manage the end-to-end organizations agreed with the business. Conclusion This report demonstrate the IT help desk support system. The IT help desk support system is an essential part for every organization. The researcher include many important things about the IT help desk support. This report include the functionality of the IT help desk and support center. Also the researcher include the role of help desk, responsibility of the help desk to their client. A details procedure and part of the procedure are describe in this report. For every IT help desk support has a service level agreement that they need to follow or maintain. The clients and the user are depend on the IT support service as a guidance of any service. In this context, the IT staff includes all of the personal that work directly with the user and the consumers, and all of the individual that are working behind the scenes. Finally, the report is all about the demonstration of IT help desk support system and their procedure. References Al-Sharji, S., Al-Mahruqi, A. and Kumar, R. (2014). Help Desk Management System for PC Troubleshooting. IJAIS, 7(7), pp.8-14. Bernard, P. (2012). The IT service. Zaltbommel [Netherlands]: Van Haren Pub. Blake, M., Cummings, D., Bansal, A. and Kona Bansal, S. (2012). Workflow composition of service level agreements for web services. Decision Support Systems, 53(1), pp.234-244. Blokdijk, G. (2012). Help Desk 100 Success Secrets - Helpdesk Need to Know topics covering Help desk jobs, Help desk software, computer Help desk, Help desk support, Helpdesk jobs, IT Help desk and Much more. Dayboro: Emereo Publishing. Bruton, N. (2012). How to Manage the IT Help Desk. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis. Chambers, M. (2013). PCs All-in-One Desk Reference For Dummies. Chichester: Wiley. Cwu.edu, (2015). CWU Service Desk | ITS Helpdesk Procedures. [online] Available at: https://www.cwu.edu/its-helpdesk/cwu-service-desk-procedures [Accessed 22 Dec. 2015]. Dudin, S. and Dudina, O. (2013). Help desk center operating model as a two-phase queueing system. Probl Inf Transm, 49(1), pp.58-72. Elliott, C. (2012). Scammed. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley Sons, Inc. Erskine, S., Beaumont, S. and Asp, A. (2012). Microsoft System Center 2012 service manager cookbook. Birmingham: Packt Pub. Gibson, D. (2015). Understanding the Support Center | Introduction to Help Desk Support Roles | Pearson IT Certification. [online] Pearsonitcertification.com. Available at: https://www.pearsonitcertification.com/articles/article.aspx?p=2260779seqNum=4 [Accessed 22 Dec. 2015]. Grabow, D., Lacher, C. and Kaatsch, P. (2011). Former Childhood Cancer Patients Need a Competent Help Desk. Klinische Pdiatrie, 223(03), pp.187-188. Kalhor, N. and Wistuba, I. (2013). Perfecting the fine-needle aspirate cell block. Cancer Cytopathology, 121(3), pp.109-110. Legacy.earlham.edu, (2015). HelpDesk Service Level Agreement. [online] Available at: https://legacy.earlham.edu/ecs/html/policies/hdsla.html [Accessed 22 Dec. 2015]. Lovalekar, M., Pemde, H. and Verma, B. (2013). Developing a Supercourse Help Desk for India. 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Antony, Cleopatra and Enobarbus Essays

Antony, Cleopatra and Enobarbus Essays Antony, Cleopatra and Enobarbus Paper Antony, Cleopatra and Enobarbus Paper Essay Topic: Literature Shakespeare has created three strong characters within the play Antony and Cleopatra. Their attitudes to death and mortality in the play have little similarities as Antony, Cleopatra and Enobarbus all approach the issue differently. Enobarbus, for example, acquires a broken heart after regrettably leaving the side of Antony to join forces with Caesar. He is ashamed at what he has done and feels he has acted wrongly. When the messenger sent by Antony gives Enobarbus his treasure, it makes him feel guiltier for his disloyalty to his close friend. At this point, the option of suicide becomes apparent as Enobarbus speaks of his death which would be a way of ending his broken heart. At the end of Act IV, Enobarbus feels not worthy and exits by saying; go seek / some ditch wherein to die It isnt until Scene 9 that Enobarbus carries out his suicide. He looks up to the moon and addresses it, as this is associated with mental instability and asks the moon to witness his repentance and for the forgiveness of Antony, and in line 23 he stabs himself uttering Antonys name. Enobarbus death showed his weakness to carry on with the guilt of leaving Antony. He felt so ashamed of his actions and saw the only way to fix the wrong doing was to end his life as he was the one at fault. Antony however feared death. Shakespeare gives the audience the impression that he is scared of mortality. But when he hears the news that his beloved Cleopatra has apparently committed suicide he attempts suicide himself because without her in his life, he has nothing to live for. It is Eros who kills himself first after Antony asks Eros to kill him as he cannot bring himself to carry out the act. At this point Shakespeare encourages the audience to believe that Antony is going to die using the sword, but when Antony falls on Eros sword afterwards, he fails to kill himself outright. After then asking Decretas to kill him, it becomes almost like a pantomime with Antony messing up his suicide twice. With his life as a soldier at an end, Antony becomes like a brideroom in his death and runs to it, As a lovers bed with no hesitation when he finds out that Cleopatra had deceived him by lying about her suicide. When Antony is sent to Cleopatras monument after finding out that she is still alive, there is a sense of a double irony as she was not dead and he was dying. As Cleopatra eventually gives Antony his kiss which he asked for as his death wish, he dies. Cleopatras death at the end of the play is the result of a climatic build-up. Her death is to show courage which relates to being a Roman quality. After faking her death to see what her lover Antonys reaction would be, she commits suicide to defeat Caesar and join Antony. Five minutes after he has died, she feels like she has melted away. She becomes convinced that now Antony is gone, Caesar will show her off as a trophy and she will become part of a Roman pageant. This scares her immensely and she begins to sulk. Her stubbornness, strong will and single mind comes into play and this shows her powerful side. Cleopatra is a proud woman and is not afraid to kill herself as she doesnt want to continue with her life anymore. Her actually death takes place in her monument away from the reach of Caesar. She puts on her best clothes to give the impression that she is going to do this properly unlike Antony who had done so with his suicide. She uses the asp (snake) to show the symbol that her life was about to be untangled for itself and speaks of how she is jealous of those who have already died. It is not until she is half way through a sentence that she dies. This gives the end of the play a sudden twist as there is no way of knowing what else was about to be said by the queen and shows a less traditional aspect to the end of a morality play. There is a define sense of death with honour in Antony and Cleopatra and is portrayed strongly in the suicides of all three characters in some form. However it can be argued that Antony does not have this honour because of the fact that he had already attempted two times to kill himself by falling of the sword and failed and Enobarbus can be said to be dishonourable because he stabbed himself of a broken heart and felt that escapism was the only way to end his guilt. The only argument that is clearly apparent for Cleopatra being seen as dishonourable is when she faked her own suicide to see what her lovers reaction would be. All three characters have different divisions in their attitudes to death and the death situations and this is made clear in all three separate death scenes. But none of the suicides are planned with great thought except Cleopatras who felt she must die in dignity by dressing up and using snakes as a symbolic reference to dispatch its venom rather than stabbing herself. Smaller characters in the play do not have much focus on their deaths unlike Antony, Cleopatra and Enobarbus who are able to conduct powerful, meaningful speeches before their deaths. Characters such as Eros and Charmian, who are close friends to Antony and Cleopatra exit with little recognition. For example, Eros is shown to be honourable in refusing to kill Antony when he asks him to. He ends his life by turning the sword on himself with his back to Antony before trying to kill Antony himself. Eros speaks of his death by saying; Thus I do escape the sorrow / Of Antonys death. This character shows his loyalty to Antony until the end of his time in the play. Charmian too shows her commitment to the queen as her maidservant by killing herself after the death of Cleopatra. She speaks of the world as vile and sees no hope for the future now Cleopatra has killed herself, so she applies an asp to herself also. Her last words resort back to showing her admiration to the queen and suggests she is most royal by stating; It is well done, and fitting for a princess / Descended of so many royal kings These few words show how Shakespeare is acknowledging her reign and her powerful impact on peoples lives, and used Charmian as an example to show this in her death even though the focus did not remain on her afterwards. Throughout Antony and Cleopatra, different characters act to the news of peoples deaths in interesting ways. When Antonys first wife Fulvia dies, His reaction to her death was to know where she had died. It meant he had back the freedom he had previously wanted and was now able to marry Cleopatra but Antony now did not want to. There is hardly any reference to Fulvia in the play apart from Act 1 when her death is announced then soon forgotten by Antony. Cleopatra however asks why he married her but chose not to love her. This question asked by the queen proved Fulvias little existence to Antony and the audience may have been surprised about this. For Caesar, the death of Antony and Cleopatra changes his attitudes and this is made apparent in the last speech which is carried out by Caesar himself. As he delivers his speech, it seems as though he is now different. It steps back on how the audience has previously perceived Caesar as a somewhat negative figure which causes friction between the two main characters. Shakespeare draws the tragedy around this last significant speech as it gives the choice of pity or terror with the idea that the world can be re-built after the deaths of a great warrior and the queen of Egypt. It also emphasises that there is no loss on their part because Cleopatra will be with her Antony for eternal life in a happier place; She shall be buried by her Antony. This part can be said to be connected with the ending in Hamlet with the funeral narration. In this play, Shakespeare creates the sense of death as going somewhere better then where they are stationed now. This was because he wrote his plays around Christian beliefs in the 1600s which meant that there was meant to be a life after death. Perhaps this idea meant that the play Antony and Cleopatra wasnt so much an emphasis into a tragedy but shown as a basis of something better to come out of their lives in Rome and Egypt after the wars and disloyalty of people throughout the story. It is noticeable to see how the beginning of the play differs to the end of the play on attitudes to death. The use of the fortune teller (soothsayer) in Act II, Scene 3 makes it seem that Antony is in control of a great force. The soothsayer tells Antony that he has a guiding spirit which is courageous and unmatchable, but fearful towards Caesar, so he should be wary of his limitations. Antony does not listen to his advice and it isnt until later when he loses the second battle he begins to struggle maintaining his successful image, which he feels is fading away. His attitudes change after this, as he goes from believing he can beat Caesar to feeling defeated in war. This is when he becomes scared of death and his earlier strong, fearless character has disappeared. The soothsayer also predicts the deaths of others. This tragedy reflects on three main criteria: war, love and betrayal which all connect with death. The men who fought for Antony and Caesar died in both battles on land and sea, Antony and Cleopatra died in the end for each other so love was the cause for their deaths, and the betrayal of friends such as Enobarbus leaving Antony to join Caesars army all contrast to create the tragedy itself. There is not one main factor that can be used to explain the suicides of each character, especially for Antony, Cleopatra and Enobarbus as they saw dying as achieving different things. The message of this tragedy has many definitions such as escapism, pain, suffering, gloom and death itself. But perhaps the main is the fall of a great man which is Antony himself. He was a great leader and was admired for his achievements. He had to be high up for it to be a tragic fall in the play. Each three main death scenes had their own purposely built moments, and Shakespeare must have deliberately chosen to do this. The death parts are built up, which starts with Enobarbus who is the first to die, and his reason for doing so was because he was heart broken, downbeat and felt guilty. The second is taken one step higher with Antonys death having two parts. The tension rises however when he dies in the middle of a line. But these two suicides are the climatic build up to Cleopatras death which is planned with props for the stage and a long death speech. It can be said that her suicide was the dramatic finale with the two suicides of the other main characters being looked upon as not as important because of how her death was prepared and ended the play. This love-tragedy by Shakespeare sees the heroine as centre of attention like many other of his plays, so this is why she deserves to die with the dignity that Antony and Enobarbus did not.

The Goddess theory essays

The Goddess theory essays One of the most hotly debated topics in archeology today is that of the role of a Goddess figure in early religions and its impact on ancient civilizations. Some critics on this topic tend to believe that defiantly there was a Great Goddess figure in every ancient religion which was the primary deity. While other scholars take a more moderate approach on the matter. The topic of whether or not ancient civilizations were total centered upon a female goddess form is still being closely debated, and is up for close examination. A renewed interest in goddesses comes from the feminist interpretation of established religions. The goddess theory is in part an attempt to find alternatives to a male god. There are many different paths in which one could take in order to fully understand the goddess theory. One such path is to seek goddesses in prehistoric times and in ancient societies, particularly in the Near East and to look for evidence of goddess worship in archaeological remains. This is the "Great Goddess" school of thought followers of this belief think that in prehistoric and ancient times, human beings worshipped a "Great Goddess" of fertility and reproduction. They use as their initial evidence the big-bellied, big-breasted figurines found at a number of prehistoric sites. Another direction is to examine goddess figures in existing religions, and to do a reinterpretation of sacred texts and traditions that gives greater strength to them. Finally the last direction that can be taken in the goddes s theory is that of the "goddess revival." The Goddess Revival states that established religions are to patriarchal and women must turn away from them to active goddess worship. Believers in the goddess revival also declare that only by devotion to a female deity that women can be full and equal participants in religion and thus an equal member of society. There is a problem with all of the goddess arguments. If a society or ...

Figure from American History Ronald Reagan Scholarship Essay

Figure from American History Ronald Reagan - Scholarship Essay Example The paper says that security is key to the stability of the American economy. This had an overall effect of increased economic prosperity. However, with the recent trends of Arab uprising and American intervention, there arises a security concern directly linked to terrorism. The motive behind US intervention is unknown, but arming locals to topple governments after which the recovery of such weapons becomes impossible is a serious issue which calls for a decisive solution to the problem of terrorism. Global inflation is another issue with which I would want Reagan to give me his views upon. America plays an important role in its involvement in international affairs and a curious issue I would want to discuss with him is the increasing Chinese presence in developing countries and whether this issue undermines American interests abroad in any way and if so what policies would he have implemented to contain china’s increasing influence in those spheres. To sum up, I think Reagan is unique in that he is able to elaborate on the issue of security more amicably than anyone else. His policies would be much effective in solving the current global problems that the world is experiencing such as; inflation, global warming, terrorism and the proliferation of arms in the unstable Arab world. Security has always been on top of the priorities of America, thus it would be prudent to get involved in an intellectual discourse with someone well versed in security matters. That person would be Ronald Reagan!!!

Business Environment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Business Environment - Essay Example The total of the gross added value in various activities related to the economy is referred to as GDP at factor cost. The sum of the indirect taxes and GDP at factor cost subtracted from subsidies will give GDP at producers’ price. According to the income approach, GDP is calculated by summing up the incomes that firms are required to pay to the households for providing the production factors namely wages, interest, rents as well as profits. Inflation: Inflation is defined as the continuous or sustained rise in the general level of price. It can also be defined as continuous reduction in the value of money. The movement in the general price level is referred to as inflation. The changes in the price level of goods and services purchased by the households are measured by Consumer Price Index (CPI) and the Producers’ Price Index (PPI). The CPI can be calculated as the ratio of updated cost and price of the base period multiplied by 100. The second measure that is producer price index measures the average changes in prices as received by the producers for the products. Unemployment: Unemployment or joblessness occurs when individuals are actively looking for jobs but are not able to find it. The rate of unemployment is calculated by dividing the number of unemployed in the total labor force usually in percentage form. The International Labor Organization provides four methods on measuring the unemployment rate. The most preferred method of unemployment rate calculation is Labor Force Sample Surveys. Surveys provide the most comprehensive results and contribute in calculation of unemployment according to groups. The official estimates are calculated from the combination of information from the other methods. Social Insurance statistics is computed by the number of persons insured for the benefits and the number of insured persons collecting benefits. The balance of payments: Healthy balance of payments situation is ideal to attract investments. The investments can be used in diverse activities in up gradation of technology. The technological

Government office and its customer service Essay

Government office and its customer service - Essay Example However, the government has been criticized because of its inefficiency that arises from influences of the politicians that are interested in keeping power via investment. The DPS has been too aggressive because it is one of the significant partners in the government. This was criticized because it caused delay in the privatization of the national telecoms carrier. Further, it caused inefficiency in the tobacco company that forced serious restructuring of government. The DPS’s ethnic of the Turkish constituency has a significant interest in the tobacco sector, and during 2007, it was criticized of frustrating the sale of tobacco under the successor government. According to Cohen, Eimicke, and Heikkila (10), the government, especially DPS has been moving to modernize its capability to offer fast, high quality customer service, but it lags behind the private sector. The government is viewed as wasteful and corrupt when offering the resources required in a different office. This has affected the credibility and even the possibility of efforts to organize, legalize and plan the customer services. Meanwhile, the government has lost its image as an institution where people can do well and serve their fellow customers. The government employees have suffered an essential decline in status in the recent years due to increase of negative perception from public. It has been criticized because it lacks methods to convince customers to effect change and improve their lives via working in government offices. The government’s forceful effort to attack the pentagon has not significantly changed the common perceptions of government. According to Cohen, Eimicke, and Heikkila (5), the focus on tax cut and downsizing the customers have increased the criticism of government because it finds more difficult to respond to crisis of persistent public problems. This is caused by the inefficiencies in the government budgeting and

Knowledge Management Knowledge Creation in Organization

Knowledge Management Knowledge Creation in Organization In the present age, knowledge management (KM) is playing increasingly important role in both public and private organizations. However, there are many organizations did not realize the importance of KM. This value asset can contribute most of learning organizations in achieving their business aims and goals. To compete effectively in this twenty first century, organizations need to be aware on the environment changes within the organization and they needs to be the one that creates information and knowledge. In order to achieve this, both top management and support staff must be active key players in creating knowledge. Creating knowledge is not the matter of learning from others or obtaining knowledge from outside but knowledge must be built on its own through communication and interaction among people in the organization. Moreover, knowledge creation is part of knowledge management that is seen as heart to the successful of organizations where KM tasks involved in capturing the cre ativity, sharing and utilization of knowledge as well as professional that provides with competitive edge. This article is critically emphasizes on knowledge management and knowledge creation with SECI model, Ba concept and case study in regard to organizational adaption, survival and competence. Keywords: knowledge, knowledge management, knowledge creation, SECI model Ba concept, competitive edge, tacit and explicit knowledge Introduction Knowledge is now seems to be the significant to organization success where organization able to secure its competitive advantage and competent to achieve sustainable superior performance. As pointed out in Migliarese and Verteramo (2005) article based on Alvesson (1995), Drucker (1988) Nonaka and Takeuchi (1995), Prusak (1997), many authors agreed that this competitive advantage relies on the ability to create new knowledge, to spread it throughout the organization and also to express that knowledge in products, services and systems. Knowledge creation also should be important part in any business strategy as this has agreed by many executives (Migliarese and Verteramo 2005). While organizational capability to create knowledge is the most important source of organization to sustain its competitive advantage (Junnakar, 1997; Nonaka et al., 2000; Parent et al., 2000). While organizational knowledge creation, need to be understood as a process that organizationally increases by individuals and develops it as a part of the knowledge network of the organization (Nonaka and Takeuchi, 1995). Tacit and explicit knowledge are another crucial element that involved in the creating of knowledge. Tacit knowledge is important in creating knowledge in organization where logically this knowledge is created only by individuals. Nowadays, technology is crucial element that contributes to the creating of knowledge; however, knowledge management is not a technology. Technology is only a platform that enabled the activities of creati on and people is the one who produce the knowledge. Knowledge Management Concept There are numerous of knowledge management concept has been defined by various researchers and practitioners and there is no limitation to defined it. The concept of knowledge management in todays globalization world has brought to widen aspect, where it applies based on the circumstances of certain place, time as well as space. According to Awad and Ghaziri (2001) in their book of Knowledge Management, considered the knowledge management concept as a new interdisciplinary business model that has knowledge within the framework of an organization as its focus. Knowledge management is not only emphasizes on specific area of subject but it also covers all aspect of life comprising business, economic, psychology and information management. Becerra-Fernandez et al. (2004) have defined knowledge management as doing what is needed to get the most out of knowledge resources. Based on Awad and Ghaziri (2001) as taken from Malhotra (1999) stated that knowledge management provides to the seriou s issues of organizational adaption, survival and competence in the aspect of progressively discontinuous environmental. Basically, it represents organizational processes that seek synergistic combination of data and information processing capacity of information technology and the creative and innovative capacity of human beings. In addition, knowledge management is seen as a repository where the composed of facts and information that can be stored, retrieved and transferred in order to run the business organization effectively. Besides, knowledge management also is more than getting the right information to the right individual at the right time. In upon of views by Nonaka and Takeuchi (1995), people do not only receive new knowledge passively but they interpret the knowledge actively in order to fit with their own situation and perspectives. Further, knowledge management assists people to share and put information in action in order to achieve the organization goals. However, Bodhanya (2008) argued that knowledge management cannot be considered as important for organizational success in the contemporary world because this may only be the case under certain conditions. Knowledge management is really about the relationships between people, process and technology in overlapping parts (Figure 1). In order to manage knowledge, organization must first list its people, systems and decisions as well. Even though there are still have yet to agree the definition on knowledge management from researchers and practitioners (Awad and Ghaziri, 2001), each definition of knowledge management should include the above three important elements as these elements enable the organization to position itself and has positive impact on business processes. Knowledge K Figure 1: Overlapping human, organizational and technological factors of KM Source: Awad, E.M. Ghaziri, H. M. Knowledge Management. International ed. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 2004 Knowledge Creation Sabel (1994) as cited by Diego Puga and Daniel Trefler (2002) pointed out that knowledge creation is about shifting products and processes in theoretically ways of unpredictable. While as Soo, Divenney and Midgley (1999) have stated that knowledge creation is broadly known to be strategically essential for both organizational learning and innovation. In a different views, Nonaka and Takeuchi (1995) said knowledge creation is basically depends on the mobilization and conversion of tacit knowledge. In the other hand, knowledge can be created through the process of tacit knowledge transfer as well as the conversion of tacit knowledge to explicit knowledge. In addition, Choi and Lee (2002) referred to the views of Bloodgood and Salibury (2001) and Bohn (1994) said that, the continuous process that involves individuals and group of people within the organization and between organization share tacit and explicit knowledge is also known as knowledge creation. While for Ratcheva (2003) new k nowledge creation is collectively constructed and embedded in the organising practices of virtual teams activities. As written by Balestrin, Vargas and Fayard (2008) in their articles that taken from Nonaka and Takeuchi (1995), knowledge creation is considered as a process of knowledge conversion. Knowledge conversion is the interaction between tacit and explicit knowledge in the innovative of human beings activities where they are not isolated entities but complimentary entities. Nonaka and Takeuchi (1995) have introduced a model of knowledge creation known as SECI model that involved socialization, externalization, combination and internalization. SECI process will be function effectively with the support of proper context (Balestrin, Vargas and Fayard 2008) that covers the aspect of time, space and relationship between people in the organization. However, for Awad and Ghaziri (2001), the knowledge creation is related to the updated knowledge which is based on the experiences in a certain problem area and utilizes the new knowledge in combination with initial knowledge in order to update the knowledge for the purpose of knowledge sharing. In different point of views by Lehaney et al. (2004), knowledge creation is a key factor in competitiveness in a service economy where the creation of new ideas, new methods to market the existing products, upgraded old products and brand new products are all based on idea. Two Dimensions of Knowledge Creation According to Daud et al. (2008), knowledge creation has two dimensions, which are epistemological and ontological. The epistemological knowledge creation dimension comprises of both tacit and explicit knowledge. As mentioned in the book of The Knowledge Creating Company by Nonaka and Takeuchi (1995), tacit knowledge is personal where it is difficult to formalize and communicate as it basically in peoples mind such as ideas and thought while explicit knowledge is a knowledge that is transmittable in formal with systematic language. However Daud et al. (2008) defined explicit knowledge as a knowledge that is described in symbols such as mathematical formula and statements. The interaction between tacit and explicit knowledge is presented in the Nonaka and Takeuchi SECI model. This model is basically shows the relationship between tacit and explicit knowledge with different modes of knowledge conversion in order to develop important information and knowledge as for the business purposes . In ontological knowledge creation dimension, it emphasizes more on the different level of knowledge creating entities which involves individual, group, organization and inter-organization (Daud et al., 2008). The concept of ontological dimension can be portrayed that it is impossible to create knowledge without a people where knowledge only can be created by them. Organization also need to have a clear understanding towards the created knowledge and should constitute it as a part of knowledge network of the organization. Knowledge Creation and Four Modes of Knowledge Conversion Based on the assumption that knowledge is created through the collaboration between tacit and explicit knowledge made by Nonaka and Takeuchi (1995), allows them to produce model of SECI modes. These four different modes were presented in the simple square box (Figure 2) and the conversion of knowledge consists of socialization (tacit knowledge to tacit knowledge), externalization (tacit knowledge to explicit knowledge), combination (explicit knowledge to explicit knowledge) and internalization (explicit knowledge to tacit knowledge). In socialization modes, knowledge is created through the interaction between people and mental models or knowledge sharing among team members in the organizations such as team meetings and discussion. As stated by Nonaka and Takeuchi (1995), individual can acquire tacit knowledge without language. While the concept of combination modes refer to the process of socialization where it merges different type of explicit knowledge that is produced by individual. This mode will be take place when individuals exchange and merge knowledge such as through meetings and phone conversation. According to Nonaka and Takeuchi (1995), the reconfiguring of existing information through the sorting, adding, recategorizing and recontextualizing of explicit knowledge can assist in the production of new knowledge. Another two modes is the knowledge conversion process of both tacit to explicit communication also referred to as externalization and internalization modes. Externalization mode is very important in articulating among team through dialogue such as formal meeting and brainstorming. The process helps the team members to articulate the hidden tacit knowledge. This mode is different with internalization mode where it related to learning by doing such as a report and deducing ideas or taking constructive action. Socialization Externalization Combination Internalization Tacit Knowledge Tacit Knowledge Explicit Knowledge Explicit Knowledge Figure 2: Conversion of knowledge between tacit and explicit forms Source: Nonaka and Takeuchi (1995) Principally, in order to ensure the SECI process occurs effectively, Balestrin et al., (2008) said a proper context is required. This proper context referred to the concept of ba that developed by Nonaka and Konno (1998). The ba concept is originally created by Kitaro Nishida (Nonaka and Konno, 1998) which means multi context place (Kivijarvi, 2008). According to Nonaka, Toyama and Konno (2001, p. 22) ba can be defined as a shared context in which knowledge is shared, created and utilize. Each ba in ba concept supports a particular mode of knowledge conversion in the SECI process (Nonaka and Konno, 1998; Balestrin et al., 2008) as represented in Figure 2. This topic of ba concept will be explained further in the next topic. Knowledge Creation and the Characteristic of the Four Types of Ba According to Nonaka and Konno (1998), ba concept consists of four types of elements namely originating ba, interacting ba, cyber ba and exercising ba. While, Nonaka et al., (2002) have categorized it with different name of ba, there are originating ba, dialoguing ba, systemitizing ba and exercising ba. However, both opinions have similar concept. Each ba supports a particular mode of SECI model (Nonaka and Konno, 1998; Nonaka et al., 2002) and this lead to increase the speed of knowledge creation within the organization (Nonaka and Konno, 1998). For John and Cook (2001), it is very important to understand the characteristics of ba with the relationship of knowledge creation modes (SECI modes) to enhance organizational knowledge. Within a given perspective, this article will be followed the terms created by Nonaka et al. (2002). C:UsersIJAPictures2.jpg Figure 3: Types of Ba Source: Nonaka, Toyama and Konno (2002) taken from Balestrin et al. (2008) Originating ba is the beginning of the process of knowledge creation where it involves socialization mode (SECI model). Originating ba is the situation where individuals share their feelings, emotions, experiences and mental models. This can be achieved through the face to face interaction such as social gatherings and informal meetings (Trips and visits). Dialoguing ba is the second phase of ba concept where it refers to the situation where dialogue is a key to the conversion between people. This ba supports the conversion and articulation of tacit knowledge into a more external form. This means, individuals share their experiences and abilities, and finally transform it into common terms and concepts. While systematizing ba is the situation where it offers a context that combine explicit knowledge with the existing knowledge in the organization. For exercising ba, it allows the knowledge that has been socialized, externalized and systematized to be interpreted again or in the other hand it offers a context for the internalization of the knowledge again. Ba concept can be applied in the organization where it will guide an assist organization in analysing valuable basis for knowledge creation. As mentioned by Nonaka and Konnon (1998) awareness of different categories of ba can enable successful support of knowledge creation. Case Studies: Knowledge Creation in Organization This section will be presented one case studies about knowledge creation in the organization with the adaption of ba concept. Knowledge creation within the AGIVEST network Association of Rio Grande do Sul (AGIVEST) is a clothing industry that is located in southern Brazil. Based on the case study done in this small firm network, it was found out that majority knowledge is created from the information and knowledge sharing through the interaction between people in the organization. And this knowledge sharing occurs informally between the businessmen. Besides, several spaces in which this factor takes place in the network were identified. It was discovered that the effective process of knowledge creation in the AGIVEST that supported by the different types of ba concept lead to the creation of valuable knowledge assets in order to develop value and competitive differential for the organization. Various types of ba were identified and each type of ba identified works as different situation that promotes an effective platform as to make knowledge creation easier between the network firms. Based on the findings, there are 7 (seven) types of ba have been identified which consist of meetings at firms, assemblies, social gatherings, trips and visits to fairs, courses and lectures, strategic planning and electronic space. All the types of ba have been categorized according to respective ba as represented in Figure 4 below. As can be seen in the Figure 4, visits to factories, trips and visits to fairs and social gatherings and informal meetings were group under originating ba. As discussed above originating ba is a platform for individual to socialize with others through face to face interaction which they can share their feelings as well as experiences. In AGIVEST, the visits by businessmen between network industries assist them to identify enhancements of their business in the aspect of production processes, technologies and other production concepts. Through the visits and social gatherings also help them to strengthen the relationship between industries and increase the trustworthiness among networks. In fact, AGIVEST businessmen obtained chances to know the other experiences and cooperate together on the trends and challenges as well. C:UsersIJAPictures1.jpg Figure 3: Types of Ba in the AGIVEST Source: Balestrin et al. (2008) While in dialoguing ba, assist AGIVEST in to develop a good strategy in order to ensure their business stay competitive with others. It also helps in structuring their best network strategy planning as it were participated by all network businessmen. Through formal assemblies, they can take an action based on the planning that has been structured at collective decision making process in order to achieve its business goals and objectives. Electronic communication and courses and lectures occur under the systematizing ba. This stage helps the businessmen to share their knowledge that has been received from the previous stage of ba. As stated by Henderson and Sussman (1997), computer mediated communication may lead to the development quality knowledge creation through forum, and sharing beliefs, in order to confirming consensual interpretation and allowing expression of new ideas. However, limitation on it ensued in AGIVEST due to the systematization resources for knowledge was fragile and deficient, mainly in the aspect of non-existence of use of IT system. Finally, exercising ba was taken place as to produce new management concept and new production process. In short, by applying the ba concept, it helps the AGIVEST in observing the interaction between their networks that lead to the creation of knowledge. From the collected findings, it was discovered that most of the knowledge creation occurred in the AGIVEST was resulted from the informal communication between the businessmen. However, this evidence is not actually a definitive theory but it purposes to encourage further research concerning on knowledge creation and small firm network in the academic community. Conclusion As conclusion, many different types of knowledge can be created within the organization. Basically knowledge creation occurs in the organization is resulted from the interaction between people in the organization, and then this knowledge is captured and share among them for the purpose of business development. According to Ratcheva (2003), the creation of new knowledge is socially embedded in interaction and communication practices. She also said that new knowledge creation processes in virtual partnership exist in in the networks of professionals and the interaction and communication forms and rules established amongst team members decide how knowledge is gathered. Every individual in organization need to participate in the process of knowledge creation as this will lead to produce good answer to the presence problem. This method is very useful because by sharing knowledge whether in both formal and informal meetings can develop new management concept as well as better solutions for specific problems as these meetings were participated by various levels of people in the organization. All of them may contribute an idea based on their experiences at different level of job environments. However, according to Roth (2003) it is a challenge for all organizations to enhance effective knowledge creation within and between diverse knowledge areas, as significant in the deep professional knowledge area as in the cross-functional team area or other communities of practice. In reality, most of the existing study done on knowledge creation is emphasizes on the source and state of knowledge (John and Cook, 2001). Further study on this topic is needed to identify more comprehensive approach towards the creation of organizational knowledge, where the successful process of knowledge creation is resulted from the much cooperation and knowledge sharing between many organizations. Based on John and Cook (2001), research is needed where it must be beyond the source and state of knowledge in order to consider the conditions that enable knowledge creation. BIBLIOGRAPHY MLA Awad, E.M. Ghaziri, H. M. Knowledge Management. International ed. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 2004 Adamo, Jean-Marc. Data Mining for Association Rules and Sequential Patterns: Sequential and Parallel Algorithms. United States, America: Springer-Verlag New York Inc., 2001. An Introduction to Data Mining. January 25, 2010. Data Mining. January 25, 2010. Data Mining Picture. February 10, 2010. Data Mining: What is Data Mining? January 25, 2010. Decision tree technique picture. February 10, 2010. Dennis, C., David M. Tony C. Data Mining for Shopping Centers: Customer Knowledge Management Framework. Journal of Knowledge Management. 5 (4) (2001):368-374. Dunham, Margaret H. Data Mining Introductory and Advanced Topics. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc., 2003. Folorunso, O. Ogunde, A.O. Data Mining as a Technique for Knowledge Management in business process redesign. Information Management Computer Security. 13 (4) (2008): 274-280. Genetic Algorithms Mechanism Picture. February 10, 2009 Inmon, W.H, John A. Z. Jonathan G.G. Data Stores, Data Warehousing and the Zachman Framework Managing Enterprise Knowledge. United States, America: McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2003 Lee, S. J. Siau, K. A Review of data mining techniques. 101.1 (2001): 41-46. 25 January 2010. Nemati, H.R. Barko, C.D. Key factors for achieving organizational data-mining success. Industrial Management Data Systems. 103 (4) (2003): 282-292. Pendhakar, P. C. Managing Data Mining Technologies in Organizations: Techniques and Applications. United States, America: Idea Group Publishing, 2003. Wang, J. Data Mining Opportunities and Challenges. United States, America: Idea Group Publishing, 2002. Westpal, C. Balxton, T. Data Mining Solutions: Methods and Tolls for Solving Real-World Problems. Canada: John Wiley Sons, Inc., 1998

Critical Review of Carn Essay -- Essays Papers

Critical Review of Carn The novel Carn, by Patrick McCabe, is a thought-provoking tale of people from a town in Ireland. The town, Carn, goes through economic failure, complete industrialization and commercial revival, back to total desolation. As the town changes, so do the main characters, Josie Keenan and Sadie Rooney. Although they do not know each other at the beginning of the novel, after the indulstrialization of the town, their lives eventually intersect. All they want from life is to lead normal lives -- outside of Carn. Even though Carn is now an industrial town, it holds bad memories and a sense of imprisonment for Josie and Sadie. Both their lives become tied to the town of Carn. Sadie plans to move to England, but when she becomes pregnant she must stay in Carn and raise a family. A lack of options forces Josie to remain in Carn, the only home she knows. Eventually, Josie's destructive lifestyle and the political conflicts between England and Ireland result in tragedy for both characters. McCabe does an excellent job at developing the characters of Josie, Sadie, and the town of Carn itself. He shows the futility of their hopes, which ultimately results in tragedy and despair. The reader can relate to the characters, and by the conclusion of the novel, the reader will feel as if s/he knows the characters personally. Josie Keenan lives a life without hope. The author does a good job of providing insight into Josie's life by informing the reader of everything that effects Josie from the beginning of her life, right until the end. Living with an abusive father has made Josie believe that no one is good, and everyone is only looking for what they can gain from others. The only kind words she has ever received are from her mother. Even this source of happiness is taken from her though, because her mother dies when Josie is young. She moves from an orphanage right into the working world, and into a world of men. Because she does not have a strong father figure in her life, she looks for love else where. Men love her body, and she loves the control this gives her. "Josie [sees] now that there [is] nothing she [can't] do with [men] (49)." She takes men's money and does with it as she pleases. She "[takes] the bus to a town across the border where she [sits] on her own in a cafe listening to a jukebox and eating ice-creams (... ...e able to give an inanimate object its own character, and to do it well. Carn is an excellent example of a well-developed character. McCabe's views of life are demonstrated by the lives of Sadie and Josie, and the town of Carn. McCabe's characters' lives are replete with suffering and sorrow, and they all react with bitter resignation. Sadie, Josie, and Carn are resigned to accept their fates - Sadie's, involuntary life in Carn; Josie's, debauchery and death; and Carn's, economic desolation. Carn is very well written and is a wonderful book. However, not everyone will enjoy it. There is a considerable amount of history involved in it, so people who enjoy history will benefit from it. It is also very depressing, so readers who love happy endings will be disappointed with the conclusion of the story. For these reasons I did not enjoy reading this book, however I do understand the literary merit that is displayed by McCabe. The story line and characters are well developed, and it is an interesting story. I recommend it to anyone who is learning about the conflicts in Ireland, or to anyone who likes to get to know fictional characters in a personal way.

Rock Fest at Hard Rock

Rock Fest at Hard Rock In order for specific events and projects to be successful, an effective and efficient plan is necessary. A plan reflects the possible outcome of the project or event at hand. Planning is described as the method of deciding what to do and the process of how to execute them (Kerzner, 2003). It allows the integration of people’s values, attitude, needs, and preference in coming up with sound decisions. Good planning is signified by a fine short term decision that has major impact on long term objectives (Bartholomew, 2005). It is a social activity that involves various people, thus participation and management of people is vital as results are affected by how people are involved, and is not confine in identifying problems that the group would encounter and finding out the easiest solution to them. It could become a good learning process not only for the problems at hand but also for future situations (Kerzner, 2003). In holding an event such as a rock fest with a 9 month plan horizon, time is of the essence. For the first few months it is important to secure the services of the bands that would play on the night of the rock fest. It is the organizer’s first priority as performers have tight schedule and they might find it hard to tap their services on the night of the scheduled event. For me, tapping their services and joining them altogether in one evening would be the most critical path. About a month or two after the event was proposed, a complete line up of performers should have been finalized and the target schedule date should be revealed. Organizers may find it hard to look for that common time of every band, if notification would not come during the early stages of the proposed rock event. Preparing the schedule and the list of the bands that would play would be the most challenging part for the organizers. After the list has been prepared and bands have made their commitment to be included in the rock fest, the next phase for the project would be advertising and promoting it. These would run for the next six months and so. The phase would include ironing out every details of the contract of the bands that would play, tickets sales, promotions, sponsorships and logistics. At this stage I see limited problem since Hard Rock Cafe is well known; posters, streamers and flyers could come in handy as funding for the project would not be limited and furthermore the organizer could easily make a tie up with their previous sponsors. The only thing that may derailed the project’s progress is if the project coordinator failed to come up with a catchy title, poster designs and taglines that would make the rock fest even more exciting. A month before the rock fest, the focus then would be preparing for the rock site, lighting and sound systems and security, contributes heavily to the organizer’s focus. Good lighting and sound system add more spice and excitement to rock fest. Thus the beauty of the two elements is a must. Security, on the other hand, is a major concern to prevent unruly fans and mob from becoming more rowdy. This is another major challenge as many events are ruined by uncontrolled crowd. Bands unable to get into the venue and situation involving emergency cases would not pose a problem since a helicopter is on stand by ready to fly. With a good plan and proper management of resources from day one up to the night of the said event, there is no reason not to be optimistic with the rock fest’s result.

Hitler and Propaganda essays

Hitler and Propaganda essays Propaganda is defined by Mirriam-Webster's Dictionary as "any ideas, facts, or allegations spread deliberately to further one's cause or to damage an opposing cause." Throughout history, politicians and military leaders have utilized this questionable tactic to convey their messages, to introduce their opinions, and to sway the public towards acceptance of their beliefs and values. Usually, the word 'propaganda' has had negative connotations and it has traditionally been associated with tools of disrectful and immoral leaders such as Adolf Hitler. Unfortunately, propaganda has proven itself to be a powerful tool; capable of destroying the families, dreams, and nations. And as history demonstrates, the more advanced our communications and lifestyle becomes, the more vulnerable we are to propaganda. Propaganda's effect on people is often devestating. The intent is to influence feelings and opinions. Consequently, propaganda that does not successfully do this is ineffective and useless. Much like contemporary advertisers and marketers, people who use Propaganda usually find strength in their ability to manipulate the public by appealing to the interests and needs of a certain type, or group of people. Just like large company's invest in advertising which is meant towards influencing public belief and opinion about a product, strong, rich politicians and government agencices hire propagandists to design public propaganda campaigns aimed at making people believe in their cause. It is interesting to study the reasons that propaganda impacts people so greatly . Regarding Nazi, Germany, for example, many historians have said that Hitler's propaganda was so effective because it was designed to offer hope to an economically depressed people (Bankier 11-12) and because the Germans, who were very patriotic, were used to believing in their government (Grenier 49). This means Hitler was able to utilize the ...

How to Use the Particles O and No in Japanese

How to Use the Particles O and No in Japanese A particle is a word that shows the relationship of a word, a phrase, or a clause, to the rest of the sentence. The Japanese particles o and no are commonly used and have many functions depending on how it is used it a sentence. Read on for an explanation of these different usages. The Particle "O" The particle o is always written as ã‚’ not 㠁Š. "O": Direct Object Marker When o is placed after a noun, that indicates that the noun is the direct object. Below are a sentence examples of the o particle being used as a direct object marker. Kinou eiga o mimashita. æ˜ ¨Ã¦â€" ¥Ã¦Ëœ  Ã§â€ »Ã£â€šâ€™Ã¨ ¦â€¹Ã£  ¾Ã£ â€"㠁Ÿã€‚- I watched the movie yesterday.Kutsu o kaimashita. é  ´Ã£â€šâ€™Ã¨ ² ·Ã£ â€žÃ£  ¾Ã£ â€"㠁Ÿã€‚- I bought shoes.Chichi wa maiasa Koohii o nomimasu. çˆ ¶Ã£  ¯Ã¦ ¯Å½Ã¦Å" Ã£â€š ³Ã£Æ' ¼Ã£Æ'’ãÆ' ¼Ã£â€šâ€™Ã© £ ²Ã£  ¿Ã£  ¾Ã£ â„¢Ã£â‚¬â€š- My father has coffee every morning. While o marks the direct object, some English verbs used in Japanese take the particle ga instead of o. There are not many of these verbs, but here are some examples. hoshii æ ¬ ²Ã£ â€"㠁„ - to wantsuki Ã¥ ¥ ½Ã£   - to likekirai Ã¥ «Å'㠁„ - to dislikekikoeru è Å¾Ã£ â€œÃ£ Ë†Ã£â€šâ€¹ - to be able to hearmieru è ¦â€¹Ã£ Ë†Ã£â€šâ€¹ - to be able to seewakaru 分㠁‹ã‚‹ - to understand "O": Route of Motion Verbs such as walk, run, pass, turn, drive and go through using the particle o to indicate the route that the movement follows.   Here are sentence examples of o used to indicate the route of motion. Basu wa toshokan no mae o toorimasu. ãÆ' Ã£â€š ¹Ã£  ¯Ã¥â€º ³Ã¦â€º ¸Ã© ¤ ¨Ã£  ®Ã¥â€° Ã£â€šâ€™Ã©â‚¬Å¡Ã£â€šÅ Ã£  ¾Ã£ â„¢Ã£â‚¬â€š- The bus passes in front of the library.Tsugi no kado o magatte kudasai. æ ¬ ¡Ã£  ®Ã¨ §â€™Ã£â€šâ€™Ã¦â€º ²Ã£ Å'㠁 £Ã£  ¦Ã£  Ã£   Ã£ â€¢Ã£ â€žÃ£â‚¬â€š- Please turn the next corner.Dono michi o tootte kuukou ni ikimasu ka. 㠁 ©Ã£  ®Ã© â€œÃ£â€šâ€™Ã©â‚¬Å¡Ã£  £Ã£  ¦Ã§ © ºÃ¦ ¸ ¯Ã£  «Ã¨ ¡Å'㠁 Ã£  ¾Ã£ â„¢Ã£ â€¹Ã£â‚¬â€š- Which road do you take to get to the airport? "O": Point of Departure Verbs such as to leave, come out, or get off take the particle o to mark the place from which one gets off or leaves.   The following are sample sentences of the o particle used to indicate a point of departure. Hachi-ji ni ie o demasu. å… «Ã¦â„¢â€šÃ£  «Ã¥ ® ¶Ã£â€šâ€™Ã¥â€¡ ºÃ£  ¾Ã£ â„¢Ã£â‚¬â€š- I leave home at eight oclock.Kyonen koukou o sotsugyou shimashita. åŽ »Ã¥ ¹ ´Ã© «ËœÃ¦   ¡Ã£â€šâ€™Ã¥ â€™Ã¦ ¥ ­Ã£ â€"㠁 ¾Ã£ â€"㠁Ÿã€‚- I graduated from high school last year.Asu Tokyo o tatte pari ni ikimasu. 明æâ€" ¥Ã¦  ±Ã¤ º ¬Ã£â€šâ€™Ã§â„¢ ºÃ£  £Ã£  ¦Ã£Æ'‘ãÆ' ªÃ£  «Ã¨ ¡Å'㠁 Ã£  ¾Ã£ â„¢Ã£â‚¬â€š - I’m leaving Tokyo for Paris tomorrow. "O": Specific Occupation or Position In this case, the particle o indicates a specific occupation or position, which is usually followed by ~shiteiru or ~shiteimasu. See the following sentences for examples.   Tomoko no otousan wa bengoshi o shiteiru. æ™ ºÃ¥ ­ Ã£  ®Ã£ Å Ã§Ë† ¶Ã£ â€¢Ã£â€šâ€œÃ£  ¯Ã¥ ¼ Ã¨ ­ ·Ã¥ £ «Ã£â€šâ€™Ã£ â€"㠁 ¦Ã£ â€žÃ£â€šâ€¹Ã£â‚¬â€š - Tomokos father is a lawyer.Watashi no ane wa kangofu o shiteimasu. ç § Ã£  ®Ã¥ §â€°Ã£  ¯Ã§Å"‹è ­ ·Ã¥ © ¦Ã£â€šâ€™Ã£ â€"㠁 ¦Ã£ â€žÃ£  ¾Ã£ â„¢Ã£â‚¬â€š - My sister is a nurse. The Particle "No" The particle no is written out as  Ã£  ®.   "No": Possessive Marker No indicates ownership or attribution. It is similar to the English apostrophe s (s). These sample sentences show how the no particle is used as a possessive marker. Kore wa watashi no hon desu. 㠁“ã‚Å'㠁 ¯Ã§ § Ã£  ®Ã¦Å" ¬Ã£  §Ã£ â„¢Ã£â‚¬â€š- This is my book.Watashi no ane wa Tokyo ni sunde imasu. ç § Ã£  ®Ã¥ §â€°Ã£  ¯Ã¦  ±Ã¤ º ¬Ã£  «Ã¤ ½ Ã£â€šâ€œÃ£  §Ã£ â€žÃ£  ¾Ã£ â„¢Ã£â‚¬â€š- My sister lives in Tokyo.Watashi no kaban no nakani kagi ga arimasu. ç § Ã£  ®Ã£ â€¹Ã£  °Ã£â€šâ€œÃ£  ®Ã¤ ¸ ­Ã£  «Ã©  µÃ£ Å'㠁‚り㠁 ¾Ã£ â„¢Ã£â‚¬â€š- There is a key in my bag. Note that the final noun can be omitted if it is clear to both speaker and listener. For example: Are wa watashi no (kuruma) desu. 㠁‚ã‚Å'㠁 ¯Ã§ § Ã£  ®(è »Å )㠁 §Ã£ â„¢Ã£â‚¬â€š- That is mine (my car). "No": Indicating Position or Location To indicate the relative location of the first noun in a sentence, the no particle is used. Take these phrases for instance: tsukue no ue æÅ" ºÃ£  ®Ã¤ ¸Å  - on the deskisu no shita 㠁„㠁™ã  ®Ã¤ ¸â€¹ - under the chairgakkou o tonari Ã¥ ­ ¦Ã¦   ¡Ã£  ®Ã©Å¡ £ - next to the schoolkouen no mae - å… ¬Ã¥Å"’㠁 ®Ã¥â€°  - in front of the parkwatashi no ushiro ç § Ã£  ®Ã¥ ¾Å'ã‚  - behind me "No": Noun Modification The noun before no modifies the noun after no. This usage is similar to the possessive, but it is seen more with compound nouns or noun phrases. The following sentences show how the no particle can be used to modify a noun. Nihongo no jugyou wa tanoshii desu. æâ€" ¥Ã¦Å" ¬Ã¨ ªÅ¾Ã£  ®Ã¦Å½Ë†Ã¦ ¥ ­Ã£  ¯Ã¦ ¥ ½Ã£ â€"㠁„㠁 §Ã£ â„¢Ã£â‚¬â€š- The Japanese class is interesting.Bijutsu no hon o sagashite imasu. ç ¾Å½Ã¨ ¡â€œÃ£  ®Ã¦Å" ¬Ã£â€šâ€™Ã¦Å½ ¢Ã£ â€"㠁 ¦Ã£ â€žÃ£  ¾Ã£ â„¢Ã£â‚¬â€š- I am looking for a book on fine arts. No as a noun modifier can be used many times in one sentence. In this usage, the order of nouns in Japanese is the reverse of English. The normal Japanese order is from large to small, or general to specific. Osaka daigaku no nihongo no sensei Ã¥ ¤ §Ã©Ëœ ªÃ¥ ¤ §Ã¥ ­ ¦Ã£  ®Ã¦â€" ¥Ã¦Å" ¬Ã¨ ªÅ¾Ã£  ®Ã¥â€¦Ë†Ã§â€Å¸ - a teacher of Japanese at Osaka universityyooroppa no kuni no namae ãÆ' ¨Ã£Æ' ¼Ã£Æ' ­Ã£Æ'Æ'ãÆ'‘㠁 ®Ã¥â€º ½Ã£  ®Ã¥  Ã¥â€°  - the names of the countries in Europe "No": Apposition The no particle can also show that the first noun is in apposition to the second noun. For instance: Tomodachi no Keiko-san desu. Ã¥ â€¹Ã© â€Ã£  ®Ã¦  µÃ¥ ­ Ã£ â€¢Ã£â€šâ€œÃ£  §Ã£ â„¢Ã£â‚¬â€š- This is my friend, Keiko.Bengoshi no Tanaka-san wa itsumo isogashisou da. Ã¥ ¼ Ã¨ ­ ·Ã¥ £ «Ã£  ®Ã§â€ °Ã¤ ¸ ­Ã£ â€¢Ã£â€šâ€œÃ£  ¯Ã£ â€žÃ£  ¤Ã£â€šâ€šÃ¥ ¿â„¢Ã£ â€"㠁 Ã£ â€ Ã£   Ã£â‚¬â€š - The lawyer, Mr. Tanaka seems to be busy all the time.Ano hachijussai no obaasan wa ki ga wakai. 㠁‚㠁 ®Ã¥â€¦ «Ã¥  Ã¦ ­ ³Ã£  ®Ã£ Å Ã£  °Ã£ â€šÃ£ â€¢Ã£â€šâ€œÃ£  ¯Ã¦ °â€"㠁Å'è‹ ¥Ã£ â€žÃ£â‚¬â€š - That eighty-year-old woman has a youthful spirit. "No": Sentence Ending Particle No is also used at the end of a sentence. Read up on ​sentence ending particles to learn about the usage.